Migraine: Much More Than Just a Headache

What is "Migraine"?

Migraine is not a "classic" headache. In fact, a migraine attack can last a long time, ranging from several hours to a few days if untreated. It is characterized by intense, pulsating pain—like a heartbeat in the brain or hammering sensations. Approximately seven to eight million people in France experience at least one attack per year, and those most affected may suffer several attacks each month.

Causes of Migraine:

Migraine doesn't have clearly defined causes. However, it's known that women are more frequently affected than men, especially during menstruation. Often, triggering factors lead to migraine attacks. Common triggers identified by migraine sufferers include bright lights, loud noises, alcohol or caffeine overuse, stress, and exhaustion.

The Migraine Attack:

Migraine pain occurs in attacks, gradually increasing in intensity rather than hitting suddenly. An attack can happen at any time of day or night, often starting on one side of the head (hemicrania), typically above the eye or at the temple. Sometimes, the pain is felt on both sides or at the back of the head. The pain usually peaks two to four hours after the onset of the first symptoms and may be accompanied by facial pallor and digestive symptoms like nausea and vomiting.

During migraine attacks, individuals become sensitive to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). Exposure to either can intensify the pain. Physical activities, such as climbing stairs or lifting heavy objects, can also worsen the discomfort due to head movements.

Migraine with Aura:

In about one in five people, a migraine attack is preceded by what is known as an aura. This consists of a group of neurological signs that "announce" an impending migraine. The aura lasts about half an hour, with the first migraine symptoms following shortly after. During this aura, various disturbances can occur:

• Visual: Bright spots, color patches, blurred vision, or double vision.

• Sensory: Tingling sensations in the fingertips or lips.

• Language: Difficulty finding words.

• Balance: Feelings of dizziness.

It's important to note that while auras may seem more dramatic, they are not more severe than other types of migraines.

Treatments for Migraine:

To treat an attack, analgesics like paracetamol are recommended. They should be taken at the onset of symptoms, not waiting for the pain to peak. For those who regularly experience migraines, consulting a doctor is ideal to establish a preventive treatment plan that can reduce the frequency and intensity of attacks, potentially eliminating the need for painkillers during each episode.

Pharmacist's Tips for Managing Migraine:

• Turn Off the Lights: If possible, lie down in a darkened room during a migraine to lessen the intensity.

• Get Enough Sleep: Quality sleep helps reduce stress and aids recovery after long workdays. Make sure to rest well!

• Don't Rely Solely on Medications: While many keep a stock of paracetamol at home, avoid excessive use. Consult your doctor for an appropriate treatment plan and guidelines for medication use.

Don't Hesitate to Contact a Doctor: Especially if symptoms persist.

MPD MÉDICALE